The product of eight years of work, the revolutionary molecule retinyl retinoate fuses traditional retinol and the active form of vitamin A, retinoic acid. Its encapsulated form is exclusive to Medik8 formulas. 8 times more potent than retinol[1], retinyl retinoate acts directly without having to be converted into retinoic acid like other forms of vitamin A. It helps stimulate cell regeneration and promote collagen synthesis, resulting in a visibly smoother, firmer and more radiant eye contour. Although incredibly potent, retinyl retinoate has been shown to be extremely gentle on the skin, making it perfect for the delicate eye area. This form of vitamin A is also photostable, meaning it doesnt break down in sunlight and is suitable for both day and night use. Hyaluronic acid and glycerin moisturizers infuse skin with hydration for a visibly smoothed and plumped eye contour. r-Retinoate Day & Night Eye Serum is optimized for the eyes, with two additional active ingredients, hesperidin and caffeine, that work to blur the appearance of dark circles, resulting in a visibly awake eye area. How to use After cleansing in the morning and evening, apply r-Retinoate Day & Night Eye Serum around the eye area, carefully avoiding the eyelids. Sunscreen should always be used in the morning while using vitamin A. Ingredients Retinyl Retinoate Patented encapsulated retinyl retinoate, exclusive to Medik8. 8 times more potent than retinol[1], this non-irritating vitamin A helps stimulate collagen synthesis and promotes skin cell regeneration. [1] H. Kim et al., Synthesis and in vitro biological activity of retinyl retinoate, a novel hybrid retinoid derivative, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2008, 15;16(12), pp 6387-93 Hesperidin Also known as vitamin P, hesperidin is used as a brightening agent, as it helps suppress melanin transport in the skin, leading to a reduction in the appearance of dark circles for more awake eyes. Caffeine Caffeine, ideal for reducing the appearance of bags and dark circles, is known to be a vasoconstrictor that can help diminish the appearance of dark circles, while visibly firming and lifting the entire eye area. Multiweight Hyaluronic Acid With a unique ability to attract and retain more than 1,000 times its own weight in water, hyaluronic acid draws moisture from the lower layers of the skin to provide intense hydration. Glycerin As a natural humectant, glycerin traps water within the skin to leave it hydrated and comfortable. DOES NOT CONTAIN ARTIFICIAL FRAGRANCES PRODUCT FOR VEGANS DOES NOT CONTAIN SYNTHETIC COLORS PARABEN FREE ZIPPER FOUNDATION DOES NOT CONTAIN PHTHALATES