nJulian V. Roberts is a Professor of Criminology in the Faculty of Law, University of Oxford. He is Associate Editor of the European Journal of Criminology and the Canadian Journal of Criminology. He has been a Visiting Professor at the Haifa Law School; School of Law, Kings College; the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge; the Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto; the School of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven; the Department of Criminology, Universite Libre de Bruxelles; and the Department of Justice, Canada. n